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公历，也称为格里高利历或阳历，起源于古罗马时期，并在后续的历史中经历了多次改革与修正，最终形成了我们今天所使用的版本。其最新的渊源和特性可以概述如下：
The Gregorian calendar, also known as the solar calendar, originated during the Roman Empire and underwent several reforms and adjustments throughout history before evolving into the version we use today. Its latest origins and characteristics can be summarized as follows:
公历的基础是地球绕太阳公转一周所需的时间，即一年。为了更精确地反映这一周期，公历采用了格里高利十三世在1582年颁布的改革方案，这一改革方案主要由意大利天文学家卢伊吉·利里奥提出。改革后的公历，即格里高利历，通过调整闰年的规则，使得历法更加接近真实的天文周期。
The Gregorian calendar is based on the time it takes for the Earth to orbit the Sun, which defines a year. To more accurately reflect this cycle, the calendar adopted the reform proposed by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, primarily designed by the Italian astronomer Luigi Lilio. The reformed calendar, known as the Gregorian calendar, adjusted the rules for leap years to more closely align the calendar with the actual astronomical cycle.
具体来说，公历规定每四年有一个闰年，但每一百年不闰，每四百年再闰一次。这样的规则确保了公历年的平均长度为362425天，与地球公转周期（约362422天）极为接近，从而大大提高了历法的精确度。
Specifically, the Gregorian calendar stipulates that there is a leap year every four years, but not every hundred years, except for years divisible by 400. This rule ensures that the average length of a year in the Gregorian calendar is 362425 days, which is extremely close to the Earth's orbital period (approximately 362422 days), greatly improving the accuracy of the calendar.
至今，公历已成为全球绝大多数国家和地区广泛采用的官方历法，它不仅用于日常生活的计时，也是科学研究、商业活动以及国际交流等领域不可或缺的工具。
Today, the Gregorian calendar is widely adopted as the official calendar in most countries and regions around the world. It is not only used for daily timekeeping but also serves as an indispensable tool for scientific research, commercial activities, and international communication.
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